Disentangling the relationship between working memory and language: The roles of short-term storage and cognitive control     

Pascale Marguerite Josiane Engel de Abreu  Susan Elizabeth Gathercole  Romain Martin 《Learning and individual differences》2011,21(5):569-574

This study investigates the relationship between working memory and language in young children growing up in a multilingual environment. The aim is to explore whether mechanisms of short-term storage and cognitive control hold similar relations to emerging language skills and to investigate if potential links are mediated by related cognitive abilities. A sample of 119 Luxembourgish 6-year-olds completed several assessments of working memory (complex and simple span), native and foreign vocabulary, syntax, reading, rhyme awareness, and fluid intelligence. Results showed that short-term storage and cognitive control manifested differential links with developing language abilities: Whereas verbal short-term storage was specifically linked to vocabulary; cognitive control manifested unique and robust links with syntax and early reading development. The study suggests that in young children the working memory system is composed of separate but interacting components corresponding to short-term storage and cognitive control that can be distinguished by the roles they play in supporting language acquisition.  相似文献   

Bully/Victim Problems Among Preschool Children: a Review of Current Research Evidence     

Maria Vlachou  Eleni Andreou  Kafenia Botsoglou  Eleni Didaskalou 《Educational Psychology Review》2011,23(3):329-358

Bullying in schools has been identified as a serious and complex worldwide problem associated with negative short- and long-term effects on children’s psychosocial adjustment (Smith 1999; Ttofi and Farrington, Aggressive Behav 34(4):352–368, 2008). Entering kindergarten is a crucial developmental step in many children’s lives mainly because it is within this context where they participate, for the first time, as members in a stable peer group and well-organized team activities. Consequently, preschool may be the first context beyond the home environment where children’s difficulties in social interactions with peers can be primarily detected and assessed by adults and professionals. This paper reviews recent empirical evidence over the nature and different aspects of bullying among preschool children. Recent findings concerning the development of preschool bullying and its prevalence, family and genetic factors, gender and age differences, participant and peripheral roles, school context, methodological issues, and prevention policies are reviewed while directions for future research are addressed.  相似文献   

Facilitating Understanding of Movements in Dynamic Visualizations: an Embodied Perspective     

Bj?rn B. de Koning  Huib K. Tabbers 《Educational Psychology Review》2011,23(4):501-521

Learners studying mechanical or technical processes via dynamic visualizations often fail to build an accurate mental representation of the system’s movements. Based on embodied theories of cognition assuming that action, perception, and cognition are closely intertwined, this paper proposes that the learning effectiveness of dynamic visualizations could be enhanced by grounding the movements of the presentation in people’s own bodily experiences during learning. We discuss recent research on embodied cognition and provide specific strategies for how the body can be used to ground movements during the learning process: (1) making or observing gestures, (2) manipulating and interacting with objects, (3) using body metaphors, and (4) using eye movements as retrieval cues. Implications for the design of dynamic visualizations as well as directions for future research are presented.  相似文献   

Zivilgesellschaftliche Beteiligung in der Altersspanne von 13 und 32?Jahren �C Entwicklung, Bedingungsfaktoren, Kontexte     

Martina Gille  Johann de Rijke  Dr. Wolfgang Gaiser 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2011,14(4):551-579

Being active in civic organizations can be expressed in multifarious forms of participation and commitment. With regard to individuals, the learning context it provides fosters personal development, sympathy for other perspectives, and social competencies in general and is, thus, particularly meaningful for young people in their second and third decades. With regard to organizations, civic participation strengthens the integration and dynamic adaptation of institutions to changing environments and, on a macro-level, raises social cohesion. The contexts of participation are various: not only in educational institutions and the world of work, but also in clubs, organizations and less formal groups, which are involved in social and political issues. Socio-structural and motivational factors, but also belonging to social networks determine the involvement in such forms of civic participation. Additionally, there is evidence of a mutual reinforcement of participation in different contexts. This is shown by the results of the DJI-Survey AID:A 2009.  相似文献   

Web 2.0 Tools in High School in Portugal： Creating Screencasts and Vodcasts for Learning     

Aurora Maria  Moreira Rocha  Clara Pereira  Coutinho 《美中教育评论》2011,(1):54-62

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Youth and culture: A seventeen nation study of perceived problems and coping strategies     

Janice T. Gibson  Marvin J. Westwood  F. Ishu Ishiyama  William A. Borgen  Susan M. Showalter  Qasem Al-Sarraf  Semiha A. Atakan  Isaura R. F. Guimares  A. Lina Guisti-Ortiz  Margaret Robertson  Benjamin Shafrir  Peter De Weerdt  Gundelina A. Velazco  Carol E. Baker  Maria Dikaiou  Tatiana Gabay  Lina Kashyup  Ilona Lee  Maria E. Felce Di Paula  Hillman Ngunangwa  Nina F. Talyzina 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1991,14(3):203-216

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Role strain,engagement and academic achievement in early adolescence     

Eddy H. de Bruyn 《Educational studies》2005,31(1):15-27

The present study was designed to investigate the relationships between role strains following the transition to secondary school and academic achievement. Academic engagement was hypothesized to mediate between role strain and achievement. The sample consisted of 749 students in their first year of secondary school. Four types of role strain were investigated: parent, teacher, school and peer. Parent and teacher role strains appeared to be negatively associated with academic achievement, as mediated through academic engagement. Parent and school role strain were directly and negatively associated with achievement. Results are discussed in the light of parenting practices and the developmental mismatch hypothesis.  相似文献   

Metaphors we’re colonised by? The case of data-driven educational technologies in Brazil     

Giselle Martins dos Santos Ferreira  Luiz Alexandre da Silva Rosado  Márcio Silveira Lemgruber  Jaciara de Sá Carvalho 《Learning, Media and Technology》2020,45(1):46-60

ABSTRACT

This article discusses issues concerning the spread of data-driven educational technologies in Brazil. Here, as elsewhere, educational technology continues to be promoted optimistically as the bearer of a panacea for historically-rooted social problems. Whilst some of these technologies have indeed contributed to important widening-participation programmes in the last two decades, widespread advocacy of technological ‘solutionism’, reflected in gradually stronger policy demands for efficiencies to be improved through ‘innovation’, has supported a relentless marketisation of the country’s educational systems. As transnational corporations position themselves to take control of key areas of these systems, threatening to restructure the whole sector, data-driven educational technologies provide the latest example in a series of ‘new’ ideas offered in an ever-expanding market. Based on the notion of ‘conceptual metaphors’, which encapsulate specific ways of perceiving, thinking and relating with the world, this article examines key metaphors underpinning discourses surrounding data-driven educational technologies in Brazil. In particular, the article analyses ways in which these specific metaphors may be promoting perspectives that ignore difference and obscure broader questions concerning education, thus contributing to the reproduction of previously existing problems and supporting new forms of colonisation.  相似文献   

知识产权特征新论——兼析知识产权与有形财产权的区别   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

江滢  郑友德 《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2001,15(4):16-20

知识产权本质上是一种无形财产权,本文通过对知识产权与有形财产权之比较,论述了知识产权的四方面特征,即客体的无形性、相对垄断性、法律效力在时空上的有限性及权利保护范围的不确定性.  相似文献   

Association between attitudes of filial responsibility and parent caregiving behavior     

Marines Aires  Duane Mocellin  Fernanda Laís Fengler Dal Pizzol  Carla Cristiane Becker Kottwitz Bierhals  Neena L. Chappell  Eliane Pinheiro de Morais 《Educational gerontology》2019,45(3):191-200

Objective: To analyze the association between attitudes of filial responsibility and adult child caregivers’ behaviors in the Southern Region of Brazil.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 100 child caregivers of older adults. The data were collected through an interview using the protocol of filial responsibility adapted and validated to Brazilian Portuguese. Filial Expectation and Filial Piety scales evaluated the attitudes of filial responsibility. Caring behaviors assessed were: instrumental support, emotional, financial support, and companionship. The variables that presented p< .20 value in the bivariate analysis were inserted into a multivariate Poisson regression model.

Results: Financial and emotional support behaviors were significantly associated with filial piety (p = .050 and p = .001, respectively) and filial expectation (p = .013 and p = .023, respectively). Providing companionship was associated with filial piety (p = .015).

Conclusion: Attitudes of filial responsibility are associated with some but not all caregiving behaviors. Brazilians caring for older parents show more similarities to Chinese than to Canadian caregivers. Furthermore, filial responsibility and caregiving behaviors are strongly affected by Brazilian social and cultural norms. Reasons are discussed.  相似文献